The Sacred Name

 

          What is his name, and his son’s name, if you can tell? 

Proverbs 30:4

 

The third Commandment given at Sinai was “You shall not take the name of the LORD (YHVH) your God in vain.”  Exodus 20:6 

 

While I believe in the reverent and proper use of the Sacred Names, I will attempt to bring balance to the fanaticism of superstition that is more often than not demonstrated in the Sacred Name Only movement.  Satan’s goal is to distract us from the truth by his sophistry (Sophistry is the use of seemingly plausible yet erroneous concepts).  There are many examples of people who thought they were doing the right thing, yet were deceived.

 

We can use the Sacred Names to further the Good News in these final days.  Words carry associations with them, and this is simultaneously true for both the speaker and the hearer.  The common name used for Messiah especially illustrates this truth.  Typical associations with the name “Jesus” might be that of the good Shepherd with a little lamb slung over his neck; unfortunately, that name also begs a picture of a fair-skinned, blue-eyed Messiah who “did away with the old covenant law of the Jews.”  Worse yet, for Jewish people, it conjures up thoughts of past anti-Semitic persecution carried out in the name of Jesus.

 

The gentle and thoughtful use of Messiah’s given Hebrew/Aramaic name, Yeshua, causes the hearer to question exactly who we are talking about.  Further, in Messianic Israel, Yeshua is taught to be One who upheld the eternal truths of Torah, and his followers are perceived as pro-Israel and having a love for the Jewish people.

 

 

            Why Continue the Misunderstandings?

 

In encouraging people to call our Messiah Yeshua, we are not saying it is necessarily “wrong” to call him Jesus.  God knows the thoughts and intent of our hearts (I Samuel 16:7).  Even if we use the “wrong” name, he knows who it is that we wanted to hear us.  When a small child calls out to a crowd of men, “Daddy!” many fathers turn and look, but only the child’s father answers the call.  And it is the duty of the child’s father to protect the child from kidnap by a malintentioned usurper.

 

Honest and thorough study of scholarly rather than emotionally driven teachings will demonstrate that the name “Jesus” is not rooted in paganism, as some teach.  Linguistic superstition is demonstrated by the Sacred Name Only groups teach that we must always use the Sacred Names, and never use titles (more on this topic later).

 

Yet we encourage the use of Messiah’s given name, Yeshua.  Not only is appropriate use of the Sacred Names proper, but in some cases the lack of concern for what we call the Father and Son demonstrates a flawed relationship.  If someone just met me and they mispronounce my name, I would not hold it against them; but if someone has known me for 15 years, and they continue to call me other than by my name, I would wonder how important our relationship was.  If we come to understand that someone’s name is actually “Joseph” and we have been calling him “Jonathan,” wouldn’t it be reasonable for us to call the person by their actual given name?  Beyond a desire to be sensitive to those who have not yet understood the misunderstanding, is there any good reason for those who do understand to continue the error?

 

            Mystical Magical Name

 

Paul warned Timothy about teachers who are continually “doting about questions and strifes of words, whereof cometh envy, strife, railings, evil surmisings…” I Timothy 6:4

 

Although we advocate the use of the Names, the linguistic superstition demonstrated by Sacred Name Only groups not only discredits proper use of the Sacred Names, it gives Christians and Jews an excuse to reject everything else that is being restored through the Messianic movement—the Sabbath, the Feasts, and other statutes of the Lord.

 

Linguistic superstition is the belief that saying certain words produce negative results and saying certain words in just the right way will produce positive results, based on the arbitrariness of God, or inherent power in the syllables themselves.  This sort of belief system is most apparent in occult magic.  Practitioners of the occult believe that certain words have inherent power or force within them which can be harnessed and utilized when the words are pronounced in a precise, prescribed manner.  The seven sons of Sceva believed this.  When they saw Paul doing miracles in the name of Yeshua, they tried to cast out a demon by saying, “We adjure you by Yeshua whom Paul preacheth.”  The demon in the man replied, Yeshua I know, and Paul I know; but who are you?”  Then, the man leaped on them and gave them a good beating (Acts 19:13-16). 

 

This ancient superstition is actually partially responsible for the veiling of the Holy Name by the Rabbis.  It was believed in paganism that one could use the names of foreign gods to conduct magic spells, especially if one could discover the “secret” name of that God.  Part of the evidence for Yahweh being the correct enunciation is that they have found many instances in the Magical Papyri where pagan enemies of Israel used “Yahweh” in their incantations!

 

Hardcore Sacred Name Only proponents are afraid to utter the words “God” or “Lord” when referring to the Creator.  They insist that he must be addressed by his Hebrew name.  Most Sacred Name Only literature gives the reader the impression that knowing the correct pronunciation of God’s Hebrew name is more important than knowing God himself.  This is making a fetish out of the Name.

 

These teachings are dangerously close to the occult thinking that existed in first-century Gnosticism.  The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity states on page 27, “Heretical Gnostic systems combined magic and astrology with the Bible.  The Hebrew name of God, IAO [the Greek transliteration of YHVH] fascinated sorcerers by its vowels, always crucial in ancient magic.”

 

Noted Hebrew scholar David Blivin, in an article titled “The Fallacy of Sacred Name Bibles,” writes, “The use of correct formulas and correct pronunciations is very important in magic rites, but not in one’s relationship with the God of Israel.”  (Jerusalem Perspective, Nov.-Dec. 1991, pg. 12)

 

 

             What Are the True Sacred Names?

 

Although even Hebrew experts and scholars disagree as to the exact pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton, as much as we can ascertain from study, Yahveh and Yeshua seem to be the most correct transliterations of the Sacred Names (see the paper, The LORD God by S.O.T. Ministries for evidence for Yahveh; see the appendix 1 for Yeshua), although at least 38 different spellings exist among the various Sacred Name Only groups, and over 55 variant spellings for Messiah’s name!  It is evident that they cannot all be correct.  Even if they did have the “correct” Sacred Name, it does not mean that they will all be saved.  Thus there must be more to the “Name” than mere syllables.  If the exact pronunciation of God’s name were important to him, there would be no problem finding out what it is.  Yet the disagreement of the various Sacred Name groups demonstrates that this matter, vital to salvation in their eyes, is not truly the issue with God.

 

Very poor scholarship is demonstrated by many Sacred Namers.  Just because a word in English sounds like a word in another language does not mean that they are related.  The assertions that the word God comes from the Babylonian deity Gad (fortune) or Jesus comes from the Greek Zeus is extremely poor etymology (see appendix 2 for more details).

 

Sacred Name Only supporters imagine a linguistic connection between the English God and Hebrew Gad (“luck, fortune”).  Because the pronunciations of these two words are very similar, they claim that “God” is the Babylonian deity of good luck.  However, the fact that two words in two different languages sound the same is not proof that the two words are cognates.  On the contrary, such is usually not the case.  For example, Spanish con (“with”) has no connection to English cone; German nein (“no”) has no connection whatsoever to English nine; Hebrew ki (“because”) has absolutely no connection to English key; Yiddish teller (“plate”) has nothing to do with English teller; Russian tut (“here”) is not associated with English toot, etcetera ad infinitum.

 

If the Hebrew word Gad were so terrible per se, there would be no tribe of Israel or prophet of King David by that glorious name.  If God didn’t want us to ever pronounce the names of pagan deities, why would certain names of pagan gods be recorded in Holy Writ?

 

Sacred Name Only believers avoid using even the Hebrew adonai merely because of its similarity to the Greek God Adonis!  Some refuse to transliterate Adonai, even though Scripture uses this word over 200 times to refer to the Creator.  Some Sacred Name Bibles will even translate Adonai as “Yahweh.”  This is not honest translation; it is deliberately misrepresenting what the Hebrew Scripture said, the very crime they accuse mainstream Bible translations of!

 

 

             If They Borrow It, We Can’t Use It Anymore?

 

It is linguistic superstition to avoid a word that the Hebrew text uses freely.  Yes, it is possible that the Greeks borrowed the Hebrew word and used it to refer to their god Adonis.  So what?  The fact that pagans use some of the same nouns for their idols is no reason for us to stop using these words.  If the pagans were to say that their gods are “good” and “strong,” would Sacred Name Only adherents feel a need to avoid these two adjectives and use different synonymous adjectives such as “beneficent” and “powerful”?

 

Most Sacred Name Only literature substitutes Mighty One and Master for God and Lord.  However, these terms are every bit as generic as god and lord.  This is evident even in Sacred Name Only literature, which refers to false gods as “mighty ones,” the only difference being capitalized letters. 

 

 

             The Brit HaDashah

 

The New Testament is glaringly silent on the “name” issue, consistently referring to God by the generic Greek titles Theos and Kurios, words which can also refer to pagan gods and human lords; they consistently refer to Messiah by the Greek form of his name, Iesous Xristos.  There is no solid evidence that the New Testament writers used Hebrew terms or characters in their documents.

 

Even when they are directly quoting Old Testament Scripture, the New Testament writers used the generic Greek titles as substitutes for the Sacred name!  Many Old Testament verses which contain the Sacred Name are quoted in the New Testament, yet the Sacred Name itself never once appears in the New Testament.  A generic title is substituted every time. 

 

The only argument Sacred Name Only proponents can use to try to refute these facts is to accuse “wicked scribes” of changing the New Testament manuscripts.  It is common teaching among these groups that the entire New Testament was originally written in Hebrew.  Not only do we have absolutely no evidence for this belief, but evident in the very text is proof that it was written in Greek, for in specific places where the Hebrew is significant, the New Testament transliterates the Hebrew words or gives a translation (see Matthew 1:23; Mark 5:41, 15:22, 15:34; John 1:38, 1:41, 5:2, 19:13, 19:17; Acts 4:36, 21:40, 22:2; Revelation 9:11, 16:16).  We would have to either assume that God inspired those who translated the New Testament into Greek in these instances (but not in regards to the Sacred Name!), or that God couldn’t protect the integrity of his word as he promised.

 

When one considers the fact that the epistles were addressed to congregations composed primarily of Greek speaking believers who knew little if any Hebrew, the idea seems ludicrous.  To accuse wicked scribes of tampering with the text is circular reasoning, and has no basis.  (There is an underlying Hebraic thought pattern found in the Greek texts, and Hebrew idioms are used, but this simply demonstrates that the writers thought in Hebrew, and conveyed these Hebrew thoughts into the vernacular.)

 

            Titles and Tittles

 

For many years, Jehovah’s Witnesses have propagated the false notion that “Jehovah” is God’s personal name, and that it is a grave matter to substitute “LORD” in place of Jehovah.


While Jehovah has been clearly shown to be a gross mistranslation and gross error (The Hebrew word hovah means ruin, calamity, iniquity, mischief, naughty, perverse, and wickedness!), there are various groups that still propose that if we do not use the correct Sacred Names, we are sinning.  Accusation is made that if we use titles like “Lord” or “God,” we are in violation of the third commandment.  Christians who do not use the Hebrew names are often regarded as lost at best and as devil worshippers at worst. 


A Christian reader hearing about this for the first time might well be asking, “These people think that I’m actually giving homage to Satan when I pray to ‘God’ or ‘the Lord’?  All the worship I’ve given to God all these years has really gone to the Devil, simply because I didn’t address God by his Hebrew name?” 

 

There seems to be an undue familiarity conveyed by the flippant use of the Names by many Sacred Name Only adherents.  While it is clear that “Lord” and “God” are titles rather than names, at times, it is due respect to use titles.  We say, “Yes, Sir” to people we respect; most people even as adults continue to call their parents “mom” and “dad” rather than their proper names as a sign of respect.  If we were to meet the President, The Queen of England, or even a courtroom Judge, we would not disrespectfully address them by their given names, but as “Mr. President,” “Your Majesty,” and “Your Honour” appropriately.  How much more proper would it be to call upon the King of the Universe using reverent titles. 

 

Yeshua told us to address God by the “title” our Father.  Paul says that it is through the Spirit we can say, Abba, Daddy. 

 

While there is no doubt that various words used in speaking of God have a pagan origin, if we were to discontinue using all words of pagan origin, we wouldn’t be able to speak at all!  Our mission is to tell the world about God; should we shun all things of pagan origin, we would lose credibility with the world, for along with Christmas trees and Easter baskets would go the names of the week, the names of the months, and the way we compute time.  If you were to tell a business associate, “I will meet you on the eleventh hour of the fourth day of the week” instead of, “I’ll meet you at 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, he would think you were daft.

 

 

             Is God Petty?

 

Does God care whether we say Church, Ekklesia, Congregation or Assembly?  Does he take offense if we say Christ rather than Messiah?  (Messiah is not really correct, either; the correct term would be Mashiach or Annointed One.)


Picture a worshipper agonizing in prayer.  The Father is touched by the words.  He is about to send an angel to grant the petition of the suffering believer, when the prayer ends, “I ask you this in the name of Jesus.”  Suddenly, the Father halts the angel, saying, “Too bad.  I was going to help him, but he used the wrong name.”  What does this type of scenario say about God?

 

Yeshua himself spoke of those who say, “Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name?  And in thy name have cast out devils?  And in thy name done many wonderful works?” (Matthew 7:22) yet end up lost.  These “workers of iniquity” more than likely used the name “Jesus,” yet he does not say, “Go away—you used the wrong name!” but rather, “I never knew you.”

 

This leads us toward an understanding of the Biblical term name.  To “know” someone in the Bible does not mean to know their name or who they are; Yeshua knows everyone’s name and even how many hairs are on their heads.  To know in the Bible means to have a personal relationship, even an intimacy, with that person.  When Adam “knew” Chavah (Eve) his wife, they didn’t just shake hands; they had a baby!  This is why the aforementioned are lost; Yeshua never “knew” them—they were never his friends.  “And this is life eternal: that they might know thee, the only true God, and Yeshua HaMashiach, whom thou hast sent.”  John 17:3

 

 

             Convoluted Conclusions

 

Sacred Name Only believers reject the English words God and Lord because these are words which, when not capitalized, can refer to pagan gods and to human lords.  They think it is disrespectful, or worse, Satan worship, to refer to the Creator by these “generic” titles. 

 

However, the Hebrew equivalents of these two words, elohim and adonai, are also generic words that often refer to false pagan gods and to human lords.  Yet the Creator refers to himself as elohim and adonai hundreds of times in the Hebrew Scriptures.  If he is not offended by the equivalent generic titles in Hebrew, why should he be offended by the equivalent generic titles in English?  English even has the added advantage of capitalizing the G- or the L- to distinguish the true Creator from the false pagan gods and human lords.  If the Creator is offended by generic titles, wouldn’t he be more offended by the uncapitalizable elohim and adonai than he would by an capitalized God and Lord?

 

 

             His Name is Holy

 

The subject of the name of God is spoken of many, many times in Scripture.  There are verses that indicate that in the last name, God’s name plays a major role in last day events. 

 

However, unless we begin to take the Scriptures in the context of a Hebraic world view and Hebrew syntax, we will not only fail to understand the true meaning of the text, but can actually end up like the “obedient” people of Judea in Christ’s time.  Satan’s would have us all ignore God’s word; but if we choose to study, he will accomplish his goals if he can get us to misunderstand the meaning and end up in fanaticism.

 

Using texts like Exodus 23:13 to attack someone who uses Jesus rather than Yeshua is not seeing the original intention of the text.  One can get into a lot of trouble by not asking for the meaning of the text rather than the apparent message.  Ecclesiastes 9:8 instructs us, “Let thy garments be always white;” some have taken this literally and wear only white clothing.  Leviticus 21:5, “They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard” is used by some to teach that it is a violation of God’s instruction to shave (when it is speaking of the customs of wizards of having pointed beards or the Egyptian priests who shaved their heads).   Modern day Rabbinical Jewish Kosher laws based on Exodus 34:26, “You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk” teach that meat and dairy cannot be consumed at the same meal, which was speaking of the pagan fertility rites (although we do not recommend the consumption of meat and dairy, especially together).  And while these and many other examples exist of people taking texts and misunderstanding the original intent of the speaker, I’ve yet to meet anyone who takes literally Christ’s instruction to cut off the offending body part used to sin!

 

 

             What’s In A Name?

 

It is in study of Hebrew thought that we find the answer. One must take into account the meaning of the words, in the languages of the authors at the time when they were written, and not necessarily the English translation and definition of them today.

 

There is a much broader meaning of the Hebrew word shem (usually translated as “name”) that a person’s appellation.  When Sacred Name Only advocates read a verse that says something about “the Name of Yahweh,” they think mainly in terms of nomenclature, the word that is used to address someone.  However, shem means much more than just “name” in this narrow sense of nomenclature.  Shem also means the reputation, honour, or character of a person.  Not only will any good lexicon confirm this, we still use it in this sense today.  When we say, “Stop in the name of the law!” what do we mean?

 

There is a plethora of evidence to this fact throughout the Bible.  The Hebrew names of Bible characters always matched their characters; and when a change in character was made, a corresponding new name was given that person.  (See Appendix 3 for more details.)

 

 

             Shaming Yahweh’s Reputation

 

Even in English we use the word name in this broader sense.  When we say, “You’ve ruined the family name!” we do not mean that the person has altered the pronunciation of his surname or changed it to a generic name like “John Doe.”  It simply means that he has brought shame and reproach on the family by his behaviour.

 

The Scriptures say many things about the name of Yahweh.  There are verses that speak about misusing, blaspheming, or shaming his name.  There are verses about knowing, glorifying, praising, trusting in, and speaking of the name of Yahweh.  In his eloquent prayer in Gethsemane, Yeshua said he had made the Father’s “name known” to the disciples.  These verses are not referring to the correct pronunciation of the four-lettered Tetragrammaton; they are speaking about the character and reputation of Yahweh.  Thus, trusting in “the name” of Yahweh means that we trust in his character and his reputation, not in the correct pronunciation of his nomenclature!  A person who trusts only in the correct pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton is reducing the name of Yahweh to nothing more than a magical incantation.

 

Sacred Name Only writers discredit themselves in the eyes of intelligent, thinking people by their sloppy scholarship.  Some of it is so pathetic that calling it “sloppy scholarship is actually a compliment!  We have encountered those who assert that the Saxons were dispersed Israelites because they were “Isaac’s sons”; the word “evil” comes from the instrument used in the fall of man, “Eve-ill”!  (This example is particularly ridiculous since her name was actually Chavah.)  They go on and on at length, elaborating on the “Hebrew meaning,” and end up proving nothing to people who know Hebrew.  All they end up doing is advertising in the most embarrassing manner possible their ignorance of linguistics and the Hebrew language.

 

There are scholars in Jerusalem who have done nothing but study the Hebrew texts for their entire lives, and even they are not 100% certain how God’s name was pronounced.  And yet, there are people in places like Arkansas that say they know exactly how the Name is pronounced, even though they have never studied Hebrew!

 

 

             Proclaim His Name

 

If we want to be taken seriously as a people, if we truly want to have the glory of Yahweh’s Holy Name restored, our scholarship must be able to pass the test.  Most importantly, we must be a people whose actions truly represent the “Name—” the reputation, honour, and character of the One whom we claim to represent.  May it be so for all who truly love his name.

 

            ~Compiled J.L. Ashton

(An article by Dr. Daniel Botkin was used extensively in the text of this article)

 

 

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